Are you a non-smoker? But one can still be at risk of infection and other lung related diseases. Here's what we know.

Although the cause of lung diseases such as lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been linked to smoking, there has been an alarming increase in these cases even among non-smokers, mainly due to passive smoking and air pollution. Smoking is a major cause of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Quitting smoking can significantly improve lung health and reduce the risk of these diseases.

However, experts said that even among non-smokers, there has been a significant increase in asthma cases.

“This is mainly due to increased exposure to second-hand smoke and increased air pollution, which are significant risk factors for lung disease. Micropollutants enter the lungs and cause cell damage and inflammation, which over time can lead to cancerous mutations,” Dr. Sunil Kumar K, Lead Consultant – Interventional Pulmonology, Aster CMI Hospital, Bengaluru told IANS.

“Such chronic exposure to polluted air not only damages the lung tissue but also gradually weakens the body's immune system. Even for those who have never smoked, secondhand smoke is a serious risk. Breathing in ambient smoke from a nearby smoker or inhaling smoke in the home can be equally harmful,” the expert added.

Residual toxins from third-hand smoke that settle on surfaces also pose a risk of health problems to individuals, especially children and pets.

The World Health Organization reports that 99 percent of the world's population breathes unhealthy air. Climate change is a major driver of air pollution, which can affect lung health. Children, older adults and people with existing respiratory conditions are particularly vulnerable.

Other risk factors for lung problems in non-smokers include respiratory infections in childhood which can also occur in adulthood, Dr Kuldeep Kumar Grover, Head of Critical Care and Pulmonology – CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram, told IANS.

“Repeated childhood infections can lead to bronchiectasis in the lungs and cystic problems can also destroy the lungs,” the expert said.

Lung problems such as respiratory infections, COPD, asthma and TB infections are most common among non-smokers, mainly due to lower immunity levels, Grover said.

According to Kumar, people in occupations such as mining or construction are more susceptible as they are constantly exposed to carcinogens, dust and fumes, which affect their health.

Lifestyle conditions such as obesity or minimal physical activity can predispose people to the disease by reducing lung function.

“Although smoking is a well-known risk factor, there is more to protecting our lungs than avoiding cigarettes. We need clean air, smoke-free space and a better understanding of the various hidden dangers we face every day,” said Kumar.